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Free Econometrics Tools Online: Robust SE, IV, Unit Root

The estimators and tests econometricians report: heteroskedasticity- and autocorrelation-robust standard errors, specification tests, instrumental variables, binary and count models with marginal effects, and the core time-series tests for stationarity, cointegration and Granger causality.

OLS with Robust Standard Errors and Diagnostics

Use it for any cross-section or time-series regression where you need to justify the standard errors and show that the model passes standard specification tests.

Instrumental Variables (2SLS) Regression

Use 2SLS when a regressor is correlated with the error term, because of omitted variables, simultaneity or measurement error, and you have instruments that affect the outcome only through that regressor.

Probit and Logit with Average Marginal Effects

Use probit or logit for binary outcomes. Report average marginal effects, because raw coefficients have no direct probability interpretation.

Poisson and Negative Binomial Regression

Use count models when the outcome is a non-negative integer. Negative binomial is preferred when the variance exceeds the mean, which is common.

Unit Root Tests: Augmented Dickey-Fuller and KPSS

Run unit root tests on every series before time-series regression, VAR, Granger causality or cointegration analysis, to avoid spurious regressions.

Engle-Granger Cointegration Test

Use it after unit root tests show that two or more series are I(1), to decide between an error-correction model (cointegrated) and a model in differences (not cointegrated).

Granger Causality Test

Use it to test lead-lag relationships between stationary time series, for example whether money growth predicts inflation.

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