Chi-Square Test of Independence Calculator
Test whether two categorical variables are related. Use raw case-level data or paste a ready-made contingency table, and get expected counts, standardized residuals and Cramér’s V.
Updated · By Bibin XavierData 90 × 12
| IDtext · 90 levels | Grouptext · 3 levels | Gendertext · 2 levels | Agenumeric | Hours_Studynumeric | Anxietynumeric | Motivationnumeric | Pre_Scorenumeric | Post_Scorenumeric | Exam_Scorenumeric | Passednumeric · coded | Satisfactionnumeric · coded |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S001 | Control | Male | 23 | 11.2 | 29 | 4.6 | 60 | 62 | 67 | 1 | 2 |
| S002 | Workshop | Female | 23 | 3.9 | 28 | 3.5 | 54 | 70 | 54 | 0 | 2 |
| S003 | Online | Female | 18 | 10.1 | 32 | 4 | 55 | 57 | 66 | 0 | 3 |
| S004 | Control | Male | 26 | 13.6 | 41 | 3.5 | 52 | 55 | 59 | 0 | 3 |
| S005 | Workshop | Female | 22 | 9.7 | 27 | 3.6 | 56 | 63 | 65 | 0 | 4 |
| S006 | Online | Female | 20 | 7.9 | 32 | 3.8 | 65 | 82 | 65 | 0 | 2 |
| S007 | Control | Female | 20 | 6.3 | 28 | 3 | 72 | 83 | 61 | 0 | 3 |
| S008 | Workshop | Male | 22 | 8 | 29 | 3.1 | 64 | 72 | 62 | 1 | 3 |
Variables and options
Results
90 rows · example dataCrosstabulation: Group × Passed
| Group | 0 | 1 | Total |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 24 (19.7) | 6 (10.3) | 30 |
| Online | 19 (19.7) | 11 (10.3) | 30 |
| Workshop | 16 (19.7) | 14 (10.3) | 30 |
| Total | 59 | 31 | 90 |
Note. Observed counts with expected counts in parentheses.
Chi-square tests
| Test | Value | df | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Pearson χ² | 4.82 | 2 | .090 |
| Likelihood ratio (G²) | 5.00 | 2 | .082 |
| Cramér’s V | .231 |
Note. 0% of cells have expected counts below 5 (minimum 10.33). The expected-count assumption is met.
Adjusted standardized residuals
| Group | 0 | 1 |
|---|---|---|
| Control | 2.04 | -2.04 |
| Online | -0.31 | 0.31 |
| Workshop | -1.73 | 1.73 |
Note. Cells beyond ±1.96 contribute most to the association.
Row percentages
Interpretation
There is no statistically significant association between Group and Passed, with a weak effect (Cramér’s V = .231).
How to cite this tool
Using these results in a thesis, journal article, report or class assignment? Please cite this free tool so others can find it. It keeps the site free.
APA 7
Xavier, B. (2026). Chi-Square Test of Independence Calculator [Web application]. FreeStatisticalTools.com. https://freestatisticaltools.com/chi-square-test-calculator/
BibTeX
@software{xavier_chisquaretest_2026,
author = {Xavier, Bibin},
title = {Chi-Square Test of Independence Calculator},
publisher = {FreeStatisticalTools.com},
year = {2026},
url = {https://freestatisticaltools.com/chi-square-test-calculator/},
note = {Web application}
}Suggested sentence for your methods section: “The analysis was carried out with the free Chi-Square Test of Independence Calculator tool on FreeStatisticalTools.com (Xavier, 2026).”
What is the chi-square test of independence?
The chi-square test of independence checks whether two categorical variables are associated. Enter raw case-level data or paste a contingency table to get expected counts, standardized residuals and Cramér’s V.
When to use the chi-square test of independence
Use it to test whether two categorical variables are independent, such as treatment group and recovery.
Assumptions
- Independent observations, each counted once.
- Expected counts of at least 5 in 80% of cells and none below 1.
How to set up your data
Raw format: one row per case with two category columns. Table format: the first column holds row labels and the remaining columns hold counts (load the example in table mode to see it).
How to use this tool
- Enter your data. Paste columns from Excel, Google Sheets or SPSS with variable names in the first row, or upload a CSV or Excel file. The example data shows the expected layout.
- Choose the variables. Select the row variable and column variable.
- Set the options. Fill in data format.
- Read the results. Results update automatically. Read the plain-English interpretation, then use Copy table to paste APA-style tables into Word and Copy for the results sentence.
How to report the chi-square test of independence in APA style
“Group and passing were associated, χ²(2, N = 90) = 7.41, p = .025, V = .29.”
Frequently asked questions
What are the assumptions of the chi-square test?
Independent observations and expected counts of at least 5 in 80% of cells, with none below 1. If they are not met, use Fisher’s exact test.
How do I interpret Cramér’s V?
For a 2×2 table, .10 is small, .30 medium and .50 large. Thresholds are lower for tables with more categories.
Can I enter a contingency table directly?
Yes. Choose the contingency table format and paste a table whose first column holds the row labels and whose other columns hold the counts.
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