Reliability and Validity Calculators
Check that a questionnaire scale is internally consistent and that raters or repeated measurements agree. These are the reliability statistics reviewers ask for in survey and clinical research.
Cronbach’s Alpha Calculator
Internal consistency of a scale with item-total correlations and alpha if item deleted.
Replaces SPSS ReliabilityCohen’s Kappa Calculator
Agreement between two raters on categories, with weighted kappa for ordinal ratings.
Replaces SPSS CrosstabsFleiss’ Kappa Calculator
Agreement among three or more raters assigning cases to categories.
Replaces SPSS 26+Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) Calculator
All six Shrout-Fleiss ICC forms with F-tests and confidence intervals, for continuous ratings.
Replaces SPSS ReliabilityReliability and Validity Analysis
Cronbach’s α, composite reliability, AVE, MSV, McDonald’s ω, Fornell–Larcker and HTMT for all constructs at once.
Replaces AMOS · SmartPLSHTMT Calculator for Discriminant Validity
Heterotrait–monotrait ratio for every pair of constructs, with Fornell–Larcker, AVE and CR alongside.
Replaces AMOS · SmartPLSComposite Reliability and AVE Calculator
Enter standardized loadings to get CR, AVE and √AVE, plus the Fornell–Larcker test if you add construct correlations.
McDonald’s Omega Calculator
Omega total from a one-factor model, with Cronbach’s alpha, standardized loadings and item diagnostics for one scale.
Replaces JASP · R psychSplit-Half Reliability Calculator
Odd-even or first-second half split with Spearman-Brown, Guttman split-half, KR-20 and KR-21.
Replaces SPSS ReliabilityHarman’s Single Factor Test for Common Method Bias
Check common method variance: variance explained by one unrotated factor, plus a single-factor CFA comparison.
Replaces SPSS FactorContent Validity Index (CVI) and CVR Calculator
I-CVI, S-CVI/Ave, S-CVI/UA and modified kappa from expert ratings, or Lawshe’s content validity ratio with critical values.
Cronbach’s Alpha Calculator
Use it for any multi-item scale before computing a total or mean score. Values of .70 or more are commonly acceptable, and values above .95 may indicate redundant items.
Cohen’s Kappa Calculator
Use it when two raters classify the same cases into categories. For three or more raters use Fleiss’ kappa; for continuous ratings use the ICC.
Fleiss’ Kappa Calculator
Use it when each case is rated into categories by three or more raters.
Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) Calculator
Use the ICC for continuous ratings by several raters, or test-retest reliability. Choose the form: one-way if each subject has different raters, two-way random if raters are a sample, two-way mixed if these raters are the only ones of interest.
Reliability and Validity Analysis
Use it in the measurement-model section of any survey-based study to establish reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity before testing hypotheses.
HTMT Calculator for Discriminant Validity
Use it in the measurement-model section of any survey-based study to establish reliability, convergent validity and discriminant validity before testing hypotheses.
Composite Reliability and AVE Calculator
Use it when you have standardized loadings but not the raw data, for example to check values reported in a paper or exported from AMOS.
McDonald’s Omega Calculator
Use omega instead of, or alongside, Cronbach’s alpha, especially when loadings differ across items (congeneric measurement), as most reviewers now expect.
Split-Half Reliability Calculator
Use split-half reliability for tests given once, especially achievement tests and scales where an odd-even split gives two comparable forms.
Harman’s Single Factor Test for Common Method Bias
Report it in survey studies where predictors and outcomes come from the same respondents at the same time, as many journals require.
Content Validity Index (CVI) and CVR Calculator
Use it during questionnaire development, after a panel of experts rates each item for relevance (CVI) or for how essential it is (CVR).
Other categories
Data cleaning and preparation · Describe and explore · Compare means · Nonparametric tests · Correlation and regression · Bayesian statistics · Categorical data · Multivariate analysis · Structural equation modeling · Econometrics and time series · Panel data and causal inference · Marketing and decision research · Survival, clinical and meta-analysis · Study planning and calculators · PLS-SEM