Topic

Structural equation modeling

CB-SEM, PLS-SEM and CFA tutorials: model building, fit indices, reliability and validity, mediation and moderation in SEM, using free browser-based software.

CB-SEM vs PLS-SEM: Which Structural Equation Modeling Approach Should You Use?

A clear comparison of covariance-based and partial least squares SEM, covering when each is appropriate, what reviewers expect, and how to run both for free in your browser.

October 13, 20264 min read

Structural equation modeling

How to Run Structural Equation Modeling Online for Free (No AMOS Needed)

A hands-on walkthrough of CB-SEM Studio, from loading survey data and drawing constructs to fit indices, mediation, latent moderation, modification indices and APA-ready exports.

October 13, 20265 min read

Free Structural equation modeling tools

All 90+ tools →

CB-SEM: Structural Equation Modeling OnlineFree covariance-based SEM online with lavaan syntax: ML estimation, CFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR, standardized paths, R², indirect effects and CR/AVE/HTMT.Combined Importance-Performance Map Analysis (cIPMA)Free cIPMA online: IPMA plus necessary condition analysis, with necessity effect sizes, bottleneck tables and the share of cases below requirements.Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) OnlineFree CFA online: model fit (CFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR), standardized loadings, composite reliability, AVE, HTMT and Fornell–Larcker from your survey items.Importance-Performance Map Analysis (IPMA)Free IPMA online for PLS-SEM: total effects (importance) against rescaled performance, construct- and indicator-level maps and managerial priorities.Meta-Analytic Structural Equation Modeling (MASEM)Free MASEM online: pool correlation matrices with fixed or random effects (stage 1) and fit a path model by WLS (stage 2), with indirect effects.Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) OnlineFree NCA online: CE-FDH and CR-FDH ceiling lines, effect size d, permutation p-value, bottleneck tables and scatter plots for necessity hypotheses.PLS-SEM Studio: free PLS-SEM and fsQCA softwareFree PLS-SEM software online: measurement and structural models, mediation, moderation, HTMT, bootstrapping, PLSpredict and fsQCA. No install, no sign-up.PLS-SEM Studio appFree PLS-SEM app: draw your model, run bootstrapping, test mediation and moderation, check HTMT and reliability, and run fsQCA. Nothing to install.PLS-SEM tutorial: a step-by-step guideLearn PLS-SEM step by step: specify the model, assess reliability, validity and HTMT, test hypotheses with bootstrapping and report the results.Mediation and moderation in PLS-SEMTest mediation and moderation in PLS-SEM: bootstrapped indirect effects, mediation types, two-stage interactions, simple slopes, moderated mediation.FsQCA with PLS-SEM latent variable scoresfsQCA step by step: calibrate PLS-SEM scores, test necessary conditions, build the truth table and read the complex, parsimonious and intermediate solutions.CB-SEM Studio: free covariance-based SEM softwareFree CB-SEM software online: draw your model, run CFA and SEM by maximum likelihood, get CFI, TLI, RMSEA, CR, AVE, HTMT and indirect effects. No sign-up.CB-SEM Studio app (drag-and-drop model builder)Free CB-SEM app: draw your SEM model, run CFA and SEM by maximum likelihood, and get fit indices, CR, AVE, HTMT, mediation and modification indices.CB-SEM tutorial: structural equation modeling step by stepLearn CB-SEM step by step: specify and identify the model, check fit, reliability and validity, test hypotheses and mediation, and report the results.Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA): a practical tutorialCFA step by step: specify the measurement model, check model fit, standardized loadings, composite reliability, AVE, HTMT and Fornell–Larcker, and report it.Model fit indices in SEM and CFA, explainedWhat CFI, TLI, RMSEA, SRMR, chi-square, GFI, AIC and BIC mean in SEM and CFA, which cut-offs to use, how to report them, and what to do when fit is poor.