Descriptive Statistics Calculator
Summarise any mix of variables in one step. Numeric variables get the full set of descriptive statistics, a histogram and a box plot; categorical and Likert variables get a frequency table with a pie and bar chart. Add a grouping variable to compare groups.
Updated · By Bibin XavierData 90 × 12
| IDtext · 90 levels | Grouptext · 3 levels | Gendertext · 2 levels | Agenumeric | Hours_Studynumeric | Anxietynumeric | Motivationnumeric | Pre_Scorenumeric | Post_Scorenumeric | Exam_Scorenumeric | Passednumeric · coded | Satisfactionnumeric · coded |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| S001 | Control | Male | 23 | 11.2 | 29 | 4.6 | 60 | 62 | 67 | 1 | 2 |
| S002 | Workshop | Female | 23 | 3.9 | 28 | 3.5 | 54 | 70 | 54 | 0 | 2 |
| S003 | Online | Female | 18 | 10.1 | 32 | 4 | 55 | 57 | 66 | 0 | 3 |
| S004 | Control | Male | 26 | 13.6 | 41 | 3.5 | 52 | 55 | 59 | 0 | 3 |
| S005 | Workshop | Female | 22 | 9.7 | 27 | 3.6 | 56 | 63 | 65 | 0 | 4 |
| S006 | Online | Female | 20 | 7.9 | 32 | 3.8 | 65 | 82 | 65 | 0 | 2 |
| S007 | Control | Female | 20 | 6.3 | 28 | 3 | 72 | 83 | 61 | 0 | 3 |
| S008 | Workshop | Male | 22 | 8 | 29 | 3.1 | 64 | 72 | 62 | 1 | 3 |
Variables and options
Results
90 rows · example dataDescriptive statistics
| Statistic | Exam_Score | Hours_Study | Anxiety | Motivation | Satisfaction |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 | 90 |
| Missing | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Mean | 62.28 | 10.19 | 30.79 | 3.91 | 3.17 |
| Std. error of mean | 0.98 | 0.28 | 0.79 | 0.07 | 0.11 |
| 95% CI of mean | [60.33, 64.23] | [9.63, 10.75] | [29.22, 32.36] | [3.77, 4.05] | [2.95, 3.38] |
| Median | 62.00 | 10.10 | 30.00 | 3.90 | 3.00 |
| Mode | 64.00 | 10.10 | 27.00, 28.00 | 3.60 | 3.00 |
| Std. deviation | 9.32 | 2.68 | 7.49 | 0.66 | 1.04 |
| Variance | 86.92 | 7.20 | 56.08 | 0.44 | 1.08 |
| Coefficient of variation | 15.0% | 26.3% | 24.3% | 16.9% | 32.9% |
| Minimum | 42.00 | 3.90 | 14.00 | 2.30 | 1.00 |
| Maximum | 85.00 | 16.60 | 50.00 | 5.60 | 5.00 |
| Range | 43.00 | 12.70 | 36.00 | 3.30 | 4.00 |
| 25th percentile (Q1) | 56.00 | 8.15 | 27.00 | 3.52 | 2.25 |
| 75th percentile (Q3) | 67.75 | 12.07 | 36.00 | 4.38 | 4.00 |
| Interquartile range | 11.75 | 3.92 | 9.00 | 0.85 | 1.75 |
| Skewness | 0.17 | 0.08 | 0.26 | -0.08 | 0.08 |
| SE of skewness | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.25 |
| Kurtosis (excess) | -0.36 | -0.50 | -0.20 | -0.16 | -0.47 |
| SE of kurtosis | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
Note. Sample standard deviation (n − 1). Skewness and kurtosis use the bias-corrected formulas reported by SPSS and Excel; values between −2 and +2 are commonly taken as acceptable.
Histogram of Exam_Score
Histogram of Hours_Study
Box plots
Frequency table: Group
| Value | Frequency | Percent | Cumulative % |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | 30 | 33.3 | 33.3 |
| Online | 30 | 33.3 | 66.7 |
| Workshop | 30 | 33.3 | 100.0 |
| Total | 90 | 100.0 |
Pie chart: Group
Bar chart: Group
Frequency table: Satisfaction
| Value | Frequency | Percent | Cumulative % |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 4 | 4.4 | 4.4 |
| 2 | 19 | 21.1 | 25.6 |
| 3 | 36 | 40.0 | 65.6 |
| 4 | 20 | 22.2 | 87.8 |
| 5 | 11 | 12.2 | 100.0 |
| Total | 90 | 100.0 |
Pie chart: Satisfaction
Bar chart: Satisfaction
Interpretation
Exam_Score has a mean of 62.28 (SD = 9.32) and a median of 62.00 across 90 cases. The distribution is approximately symmetric (skewness = 0.17). Frequency tables and charts are shown for Group, Satisfaction.
How to cite this tool
Using these results in a thesis, journal article, report or class assignment? Please cite this free tool so others can find it. It keeps the site free.
APA 7
Xavier, B. (2026). Descriptive Statistics Calculator [Web application]. FreeStatisticalTools.com. https://freestatisticaltools.com/descriptive-statistics-calculator/
BibTeX
@software{xavier_descriptivestatistics_2026,
author = {Xavier, Bibin},
title = {Descriptive Statistics Calculator},
publisher = {FreeStatisticalTools.com},
year = {2026},
url = {https://freestatisticaltools.com/descriptive-statistics-calculator/},
note = {Web application}
}Suggested sentence for your methods section: “The analysis was carried out with the free Descriptive Statistics Calculator tool on FreeStatisticalTools.com (Xavier, 2026).”
What are descriptive statistics?
Descriptive statistics summarise the centre, spread and shape of each variable. This calculator reports the mean, median, mode, standard deviation, variance, quartiles, skewness and kurtosis for numeric variables, frequency tables with pie and bar charts for categorical ones, and histograms and box plots, all in one run.
When to use descriptive statistics
Use descriptive statistics to summarise each variable before any inferential test, and to describe your sample in the participants section. Report the mean and standard deviation for roughly symmetric variables, the median and IQR for skewed ones, and counts with percentages for categorical variables.
How to set up your data
One column per variable, one row per case. The first row holds variable names. Empty cells, NA or a full stop are treated as missing.
How to use this tool
- Enter your data. Paste columns from Excel, Google Sheets or SPSS with variable names in the first row, or upload a CSV or Excel file. The example data shows the expected layout.
- Choose the variables. Select the variables and compare groups (optional).
- Set the options. Fill in chart for categories.
- Read the results. Results update automatically. Read the plain-English interpretation, then use Copy table to paste APA-style tables into Word and Copy for the results sentence.
How to report descriptive statistics in APA style
Report means and standard deviations to two decimals, for example “Exam scores averaged 63.42 (SD = 9.81).” In tables, list N, M, SD, and if relevant skewness and kurtosis.
Frequently asked questions
What is the difference between the mean and the median?
The mean is the arithmetic average and is pulled toward extreme values. The median is the middle value when the data are sorted, so it is better for skewed data such as income or reaction times.
Does this calculator use the sample or population standard deviation?
It uses the sample standard deviation with n − 1 in the denominator, which is what SPSS, Excel’s STDEV.S and most journals report.
What skewness and kurtosis values are acceptable?
Values between −2 and +2 are commonly treated as acceptable for normality (George and Mallery, 2010). Some authors use stricter limits of ±1, and with large samples it is better to look at a histogram or Q-Q plot.
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